2024 Parenting sense of competence scale

The parenting sense of competence scale: Investigation of the factor structure, reliability and validity for an Australian sample. Australian Psychologist, 39(1): 88-96. 7. Sanders MR and ML Woolley 2005. The …. Wsu volleyball score

Feb 2, 2007 · Investigation of the factor structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) was conducted with an Australian sample of 849 mothers and 329 fathers. Two factors of Satisfaction and Efficacy were found that were largely consistent with previous research. In addition, a third factor reflecting interest in the parenting role emerged. The objective was to adapt the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample of 600 mothers of children aged between 6 and 12 months old from Spain. The PSOC was translated into Spanish (PSOC-E) using a standard forward- and back-translation process. Internal consistency, factor structure, and ...Title: Development and Utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale: Author: Jonatha Gibaud-Wallston: Contributors: John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development, Demonstration and Research Center for Early Education: PublisherThe primary outcomes are the children’s level of functioning, parental sense of competence and family functioning. Given the prevalence of transgenerational transmission of mental illness, ... Cuskelly M. Factor structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale using a normative sample. Child Care Health Dev. 2009;35(1):48–55.Mar 2, 2023 · Three mothers of toddlers received Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) via videoconference. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) were used pre- and post-intervention to measure the occupational performances of the toddlers and parents and parenting competence. 10.1097/01.NNR.0000289499.99542.94. Women's sense of competence and satisfaction in the maternal role are essential for positive parenting practices and child development. Measures of maternal role competence and satisfaction are limited in the Chinese population. To translate the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale into Chinese (C-PSOC) and to ... Parenting Sense of Competence Scale . Parenting sense of competence was measured using Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), translation by Gustović-Ercegovac (1992). It is a 17 item self-report measure of parenting satisfaction (9 items, e.g.,We examined associations between parenting sense of competence, reported family support needs, and parental future expectations, with a sample of mothers of children with autism. Method: Mothers completed a cross-sectional online survey, which included a measure of expectations: Hopes for the Future, the Parenting Sense of …Jan 1, 2021 · The Parenting S ense of Competence Scale: Evid ence of a Stable Factor . ... Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at ... Development and utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Paper session presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. Canada: Toronto; 1978. Google Scholar Ngai FW, Chan SWC, Holroyd E. Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the parenting sense of competence scale in Chinese …The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Mash, 1989) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of 16 items, scored through a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (“strongly disagree”) to 6 (“strongly agree”). It has been translated and validated in Spanish ...Nov 1, 2015 · Parenting sense of competence refers to parents’ perception about their ability to perform the parenting role, one of the key dimensions in family dynamics. This construct is even more important in families at psychosocial risk, where the exercise of parenting can be more challenging. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s ... A purposive sample of 170 women suffering from postpartum depression was recruited from different hospitals in Gujrat, Pakistan. Urdu versions of the Parenting Sense of Competency Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to measure the focal constructs of the study.The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale: Evidence of a Stable Factor Structure and Validity JENEVA L. OHAN, DEBBIE W. LEUNG, and CHARLOTTE JOHNSTON, University of British ColumbiaProvides information on the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale, which measures parental competence on two levels: satisfaction (examines anxiety ...Factor structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale using a normative sample. Child, Care, Health and Development,. 35, 48-55. ― 865 ―. 日心第83回大会 ...A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy. We obtained normative information for the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale from 297 mothers and 215 fathers of 4- to 9-year-old boys and girls. Principal-components analysis of the PSOC revealed two factors: Satisfaction, an affective dimension reflecting parenting frustration, anxiety ...The purposes of the present study were to translate the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale and to determine its initial psychometric properties. Three hundred mothers were selected as participants from Dhaka city who have children aged 6 to 10 years. Collected data were analyzed to determine psychometrics by using Cronbach alpha ...Objective: To explore the factorial structure of parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC) in a sample of Chinese parents whose child is 6-12 years old. Methods: The parenting sense of competence scale was translated in to Chinese, and a total of 887 parents of pupils were recruited for this study; half of the sample was used for exploratory factor analysis and the other half for confirmatory ...The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a self-reporting instrument that measures and assesses parent self-efficacy. The instrument, designed for parents with children birth-17 years of age, was originally developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978) with skill knowledge and value competence subscales but has been translated and revised by Johnston and Marsh (1989) for use with ...Parenting sense of competence was measured using Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Gibaud-W allston & Wandersman, 1978 ), translation by Gustović-Ercego vac (1992) . It is a 17 item self ...One of the most frequently used measures to assess parents’ assessment of their parenting ability is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale. However, there is limited psychometric evaluation of the measure with samples of mothers of infants. This paper examines the psychometric properties of the PSOC in a heterogeneous sample of mothers of infants between the ages of 2 and 12 months ...A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy. We obtained normative information for the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale from 297 mothers and 215 fathers of 4- to 9-year-old boys and girls. Principal-components analysis of the PSOC revealed two factors: Satisfaction, an affective dimension reflecting parenting frustration, anxiety ...One of the most frequently used measures to assess general parenting self-esteem is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale, (Cooklin et al. 2012; Dunn et al. 2012; Jones and Prinz 2005), which was developed to assess parents' appraisal of their parenting ability (Gibaud-Wallston 1977).When it was originally developed the intent of the measure was to assess a parent's perceived ...We obtained normative information for the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale from 297 mothers and 215 fathers of 4- to 9-year-old boys and girls. Principal-components analysis of the PSOC revealed two factors: Satisfaction, an affective dimension reflecting parenting frustration, anxiety, and motivation; and Efficacy, ...The parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale is commonly used to measure parenting self-efficacy in high-resource settings. This study sought to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent construct validity of the PSOC in a sample of predominantly HIV-infected women in Uganda.The parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale is commonly used to measure parenting self-efficacy in high-resource settings. This study sought to examine the factor structure, internal ...May 31, 2021 · Parenting sense of competence was measured using Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), translation by Gustović-Ercegovac (1992). It is a 17 item self-report measure of parenting satisfaction (9 items, e.g., The Erziehungsfragebogen (EFB): An instrument to assess parental behavioral tendencies in discipline situations with her children. Abstract. The Erziehungsfragebogen (EFB) is the German adaptation of the Parenting Scale (PS; Arnold, O’Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993).The EFB is a selfassessment scale of parenting behavior, by means of which dysfunctional …Parenting sense of competence. Parenting sense of competence was assessed using the 16-item Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Bui et al. 2017; Johnston and Mash 1989), which has been shown to be psychometrically sound in a treatment-seeking veteran population (Bui et al. 2017). The PSOC consists of two …Apr 22, 2023 · Change in Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC) from baseline to 4 and 12 months after baseline is the primary outcome measure concerning parents’ overall experiences of competence in their parenting role . The PSOC is a 16-item self-reporting questionnaire measuring parental competence on two dimensions: parental satisfaction and parental self ... One of the most frequently used measures to assess general parenting self-esteem is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale, (Cooklin et al. 2012; Dunn et al. 2012; Jones and Prinz 2005), which was developed to assess parents' appraisal of their parenting ability (Gibaud-Wallston 1977).When it was originally developed the intent of the measure was to assess a parent's perceived ...Abstract. In this study, 110 mothers and 110 fathers of 5- to 12-yr old boys and girls completed the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale and measures of child …Both groups completed the validated Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale at 4 time points (approximately day of life 7, 1 day before discharge, and at 14 and 30 days after discharge) representing the neonatal intensive care unit, discharge, and home contexts. App use was described and categorized.The parenting sense of competence scale: Investigation of the factor structure, reliability and validity for an Australian sample. Australian Psychologist, 39(1): 88-96. 7. Sanders MR and ML Woolley 2005. The relationship between maternal self-efficacy and parenting practices : Implications for parent training. Child: Care, Health and ...Nov 19, 2022 · Parental self-efficacy : assessed using the Parenting Competence Scale (PSOC), which includes 2 subscales of satisfaction and parenting efficacy. In this study, only the Parenting Efficacy Scale was used to assess parental self-efficacy in assuming their role. Higher scores indicate higher levels of parental competence. The objective was to adapt the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample of 600 mothers of children aged between 6 and 12 months old from Spain.Jun 6, 2021 · * Reverse scoring entries. PSOC, the parenting sense of competence scale. 1. The problems of taking care of a child are easy to solve once you know how your actions affect your child, an understanding I have acquired: 0.447: 2. Even though being a parent could be rewarding, I am frustrated now while my child is at his/her present age * 0.632: 3. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s perceived efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. In this cross-sectional and instrumental ...Jun 18, 2021 · The average score of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale, and the satisfaction subscale were 72.33±11.31, 35.54±5.91, and 36.79±7.11, respectively, and the score of parenting competence in Chinese mothers of preschool children was influenced by the mother's educational level and the annual income of her family. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s perceived efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. In this cross-sectional and instrumental ...Development and utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Paper session presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. Canada: Toronto; 1978. Google Scholar Ngai FW, Chan SWC, Holroyd E. Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the parenting sense of competence scale in Chinese …OPC had significant effects on children’s occupational performance (p < 0.001), mothers’ occupational performance (p < 0.001), and self-competence (p = 0.003).There was also a significant difference between control and intervention groups in occupational performance (p = 0.001) and satisfaction (p = 0.003).Interviews revealed …The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s perceived efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. In this cross-sectional and instrumental ...When it comes to diagnosing and managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the key tests performed is the RA factor range scale. This blood test measures the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) in your bloodstream, which is an antibody that ...The Parenting Sense of Competence scale was created by Gibaud et al. [, as cited in ] and further developed by Johnston and Mash , and was used to measure self-reported competence in the parenting role. It includes 17 items with level of agreement to each statement recorded on a six-point Likert-type scale. Higher scores indicate a higher …The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s perceived efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. In this cross-sectional and instrumental study, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PSOC among a Portuguese sample of community ( n = 205) and at-psychological-risk ( n ...The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale are the most commonly used instruments to measure parental competence in parents of children with autism (Arellano ...PMCID: PMC8768480. DOI: 10.5964/ejop.3771. Our study aims to examine the relationship of child's intellectual disability, parental education, employment and perceived stress with parenting sense of competence (satisfaction and self-efficacy). Three groups of parents (children without intellectual disability, children with mild intellectual d ….We examined associations between parenting sense of competence, reported family support needs, and parental future expectations, with a sample of mothers of children with autism. Method: Mothers completed a cross-sectional online survey, which included a measure of expectations: Hopes for the Future, the Parenting Sense of …Investigation of the factor structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) was conducted with an Australian sample of 849 mothers and 329 fathers. …The parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale is commonly used to measure parenting self-efficacy in high-resource settings. This study sought to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent construct validity of the PSOC in a sample of predominantly HIV-infected women in Uganda.This is the Parenting Competence Scale for Parents with Young Children [PCS-YC] ... In this sense, our results may encourage to work along two lines: • In the present, using this new instrument can provide families with a diagnosis of the adolescent's perception of parental competences. This diagnosis may help them make the right educational ...Background The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale is a commonly used measure of parental self-efficacy. Previous investigations of the factor structure ...Parenting Sense of Competence Questionnaire. The parenting sense of competence questionnaire is a 17-item self-report questionnaire (Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978) that examined parents’ satisfaction with their parental functioning. Participants rated their agreement with the statements on a 6-point Likert scale, ranging …Even though this theory differs from self-efficacy theory, maternal competence was still measured by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (n=3) 42–44, a self-report parenting measure widely accepted as a measure of domain-general parenting self-efficacy (i.e. perceived competence). 7 The other study 45 measuring perceived competence used ...Citation. Gibaud-Wallston, J. (1978). Self-esteem and situational stress: Factors related to sense of competence in new parents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 39(1-B), 379.-Parenting efficacy: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale: Halford, Petch, & Creedy, 2010 ... Compared to the diverse observed coding systems, the Co-parenting Relationship Scale and Parenting Alliance Measure were the most commonly adopted self-reported questionnaires in the studies included in this review. The main differences of …DETERMINING INITIAL PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PARENTING SENSE OF COMPETENCE SCALE IN THE CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH. NAFIZA FERDOWSHI, NIGER SULTANA. Abstract. The ...Nov 1, 2015 · Parenting sense of competence refers to parents’ perception about their ability to perform the parenting role, one of the key dimensions in family dynamics. This construct is even more important in families at psychosocial risk, where the exercise of parenting can be more challenging. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s ... The scale measures parental competence, as perceived by the adolescent child, and intends to uncover strong and weak points in parental competence. 1. The original scale consisted of 62 items, divided into three areas. With the aim of analyzing content validity of the scale we held different meetings with experts, examining its content in detail.The instruments used to collect the data were the Illinois Bullying Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001), the Parenting Sense of competence scale (Gibaud-Wallston et ...‘‘self-esteem in the parenting situation, with reference to the subject’s own infant’’ (Gibaud-Wallston 1977, p. 41). The original PSOC was modeled on Wagner and Morse’s Sense of Job Competence scale (1975), with the wording of items changed to be appropriate to parenting newborns (Gibaud-Wallston 1977). The PSOC scale consisted of 17 The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) is a self-report measure that aims to assesses one’s perceived efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. In this cross-sectional and instrumental ...Apr 17, 2023 · The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Mash, 1989) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of 16 items, scored through a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (“strongly disagree”) to 6 (“strongly agree”). One of the most frequently used measures to assess parents’ assessment of their parenting ability is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale. However, there is limited psychometric evaluation of the measure with samples of mothers of infants. This paper examines the psychometric properties of the PSOC in a heterogeneous sample of mothers of infants between the ages of 2 and 12 months ...The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a self-reporting instrument that measures and assesses parent self-efficacy. The instrument, designed for parents with children birth-17 years of age, was originally developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978) with skill knowledge and value competence subscales but has been translated and revised by Johnston and Marsh (1989) for use with ...Factor structure of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale using a normative sample The PSOC contains three useful factors that reflect satisfaction with the parental role, …Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and …OBJECTIVES:: To translate the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale into Chinese (C-PSOC) and to examine the psychometric properties of the C-PSOC. METHODS:: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 170 mothers recruited from a postnatal unit.Primiparous women’s parenting sense of competence was assessed using the Parenting Sense of Competence scale. This scale, developed by Gibaud-Wallston, is a 17-item scale designed to measure maternal parenting self-esteem . This scale consists of two subscales: the Efficacy subscale with eight items is designed to measure maternal perceptions ...Parenting sense of competence was assessed at 6 months postpartum using an adapted version of the 16-item Parenting Sense of Competence Scale . The wording of the items was altered to make them more appropriate for the study population. Both the efficacy and the satisfaction subscales were used. The parenting efficacy subscale contained 7 items ...The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC)(Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman 1978, cited in Johnston & Mash 1989) is a 17 item scale designed to measure parents' satisfaction with parenting and their self-efficacy in the parenting role. The final item of the scale is often omitted as it did not load on any factor in the analysis reported by-Parenting efficacy: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale: Halford, Petch, & Creedy, 2010 ... Compared to the diverse observed coding systems, the Co-parenting Relationship Scale and Parenting Alliance Measure were the most commonly adopted self-reported questionnaires in the studies included in this review. The main differences of …Development and utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Paper session presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. Canada: Toronto; 1978. Google Scholar Ngai FW, Chan SWC, Holroyd E. Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the parenting sense of competence scale in Chinese …The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a 17-item measure originally developed. by Gibaud-Wallston (1977) to measure self-esteem in the parents of infants. Johnston and.Jun 1, 2021 · * Reverse scoring entries. PSOC, the parenting sense of competence scale. 1. The problems of taking care of a child are easy to solve once you know how your actions affect your child, an understanding I have acquired: 0.803: 0.208: 2. Even though being a parent could be rewarding, I am frustrated now while my child is at his/her present age * 0 ... Interpreting the PSOC: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale The PSOC uses 16 questions to understand how capable a caregiver feels as a parent and how satisfied …Spanish version of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale: Evidence of reliability and validity. Child Family Social Work. 2020;25(2):373–83. Article Google Scholar Staccini L, Tomba E, Grandi S, Keitner GI. The evaluation of family functioning by the family assessment device: a systematic review of studies in adult clinical populations.The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale are the most commonly used instruments to measure parental competence in parents of children with autism (Arellano ...Parenting sense of competence refers to parents’ perception about their ability to perform the parenting role, one of the key dimensions in family dynamics. This construct is even more important in families at psychosocial risk, where the exercise of parenting can be more challenging. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale …The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is one of the most commonly used self-report measures of parenting competence, yet there exists limited …Escala de Senso de Competência Parental (PSOC): Evidências de validade e precisão em contexto brasileiro. The sense of parental competence can be defined as the individual's expectations and beliefs about his / her ability to perform the parental role competently and effectively, thus encompassing….The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale: Evidence of a stable factor structure and validity. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement , 32 , 251 – 261 .The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale are the most commonly used instruments to measure parental competence in parents of children with autism (Arellano ...The objective was to adapt the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample of 600 mothers of children aged between 6 and 12 months old from Spain.‘‘self-esteem in the parenting situation, with reference to the subject’s own infant’’ (Gibaud-Wallston 1977, p. 41). The original PSOC was modeled on Wagner and Morse’s Sense of Job Competence scale (1975), with the wording of items changed to be appropriate to parenting newborns (Gibaud-Wallston 1977). The PSOC scale consisted of 17 Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and …

May 30, 2023 · Background Parenting sense of competence is not only indispensable to the wellbeing of the parents of premature infants, but is also pivotal to the overall development of these infants. This study examined the level of parenting sense of competence and its associated factors in Chinese parents of preterm infants. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed at a university teaching ... . Ku sae

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC) in Chinese mothers of preschool children, and to explore the perception of preschool children's mothers on their own parenting skills and their comfort of being a parent in Yanqing District of Beijing. Methods: A cross …The average score of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale, and the satisfaction subscale were 72.33±11.31, 35.54±5.91, and 36.79±7.11, respectively, and the score of parenting competence in Chinese mothers of preschool children was influenced by the mother's educational level and the annual income of her family.This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parenting Stress Scale ... Holroyd E. (2007). Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in Chinese mothers. Nursing Research, 56 ... (2020). Social support, parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and ...Objective:To translate the Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ) into Standard Mandarin and then explore the reliability and validity of this newly translated measure in a large sample of Chinese middle school parents.Methods:We translated the MIPQ using the forward-backward method and pilot tested it on a sample of parents of adolescents (aged 12–16 years) in China. Following minor ...The Parenting Self-Efficacy Subscale of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were completed within 2–3 days after delivery (T1), six weeks postpartum (T2), three months postpartum (T3), and six months postpartum (T4). Demographic and obstetric information was collected at T1.parenting sense of competence. Method: A sample of 141 parents receiving treatment at a clinic for mental health and substance use disorders participated. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) was used to assess participants’ parenting sense of competence. Information about diagnoses, child age and participation in a preventive …The parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale is commonly used to measure parenting self-efficacy in high-resource settings. This study sought to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent construct validity of the PSOC in a sample of predominantly HIV-infected women in Uganda. Using data from 155 HIV …The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a self-reporting instrument that measures and assesses parent self-efficacy. The instrument, designed for parents with children birth-17 years of age, was originally developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978) with skill knowledge and value competence subscales but has been translated and revised by Johnston and Marsh (1989) for use with ... Gibaud-Wallston, J., & Wandersman, L. P. (1978). Development and utility of the parenting sense of competence scale. Paper presented at the the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada. [Google Scholar] Gilmore, L., & Cuskelly, M. (2008). Factor structure of the parenting sense of competence scale using a normative sample.PARENTING SENSE OF COMPETENCE 3 Abstract Background The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale is a commonly used measure of parental self-efficacy. Previous investigations of the factor ...In this study, only the Parenting Efficacy Scale was used to assess parental self-efficacy in assuming their role. Higher scores indicate higher levels of parental competence. Family functioning [ 11 ]: The Family Functioning Assessment Scale (FAD) was used to assess family functioning, including 7 subscales of behavior control, …Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) 1. The problems of taking care of a [baby/child] are easy to solve once you know how your actions affect your [baby/child]‚ an understanding I have acquired. 2. Even though being a parent could be rewarding‚ I am frustrated now while my child is at his/her present age. 3. The scale was renamed: OVERINDULGENCE: Parental Overindulgence Assessment Scale. The 36 items were reduced to the 30-item version used in this study by using ....

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