Surveillance studies - When you’re performing research as part of your job or for a school assignment, you’ll probably come across case studies that help you to learn more about the topic at hand. But what is a case study and why are they helpful? Read on to lear...

 
This study attempted to reveal the effect of different surveillance strategies on the detection of LPAI, often has mild clinical signs in poultry) within farms. In order to achieve this, a simulation model of pathogen spread was created, which accounted for both within-farm and between-farm spread and both active and passive surveillance within .... Police station fingerprinting

In this overview, David Lyon, one of the pioneers of surveillance studies, fuses with aplomb classical debates and contemporary examples to provide the most accessible and up-to-date introduction to surveillance available. The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments ...Study design. This is a hybrid cohort-modelled cross-sectional multi-centre surveillance study to be conducted over a period of four years. Two cross-sectional surveys conducted three years apart on standalone representative samples of each of the three city-wide populations, using objective measures will permit estimation of the prevalence and trends of CMDs and their risk factors.We are pleased to announce the 2022-23 Surveillance Studies Network (SSN) Small Research Grant competition. The SSN Small Grants scheme provides funding to support …Examples of community surveillance studies of stroke in the US include the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), 11 the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCNKSS), 12 and the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Study (BASIC). 13 Alternatively, “big data” approaches can employ electronic review of medical records for the ...Some of the most populated cities in the United States are under a heavy amount of surveillance, according to new research by Comparitech. The average city has around six cameras per 1,000 people but the most-watched city, Atlanta, had almost 50 cameras per 1,000 people*. From monitoring traffic to preventing crime, closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras […]Postmarketing surveillance is the monitoring of drug performance in clinical practice and the taking of appropriate action to improve patient safety. The action taken can range from changes in product labeling (e.g., dose regimen alterations, drug interaction alerts, warnings about previously unknown adverse effects) to product withdrawal from the market (Tables 2 and 3).When the U.S. COVID-19 public health emergency declaration expires on May 11, 2023, national reporting of certain categories of COVID-19 public health surveillance data will be transitioned to other data sources or will be discontinued; COVID-19 hospitalization data will be the only data source available at the county level (1).In anticipation of the transition, national COVID-19 surveillance ...Infectious disease surveillance is an important epidemiological tool to monitor the health of a population. The goals of infectious disease surveillance are …Background: Surveillance forms the basis for response to disease outbreaks, including COVID-19. Herein, we identified the COVID-19 surveillance systems and the associated challenges in 13 African countries. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2020 and April 2021 in PubMed, Medline, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar using ...studies gain much from feminist surveillance studies in that it can understand the medical policing and state violence towards intersex people as part of a larger white supremacist, interphobic ...Torin Monahan and David Murakami Wood's Surveillance Studies is a broad-ranging reader that provides a comprehensive overview of the dynamic field. In fifteen sections, the book features selections from key historical and theoretical texts, samples of the best empirical research done on surveillance, introductions to debates about privacy and ... Jul 30, 2007 · The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments in closed-circuit TV, radio frequency identification and biometrics to global trends that integrate surveillance systems internationally. 8 янв. 2019 г. ... Dr Manuel Vogt describes our MSc Security Studies programme, and what you can expect when taking the course.In this overview, David Lyon, one of the pioneers of surveillance studies, fuses with aplomb classical debates and contemporary examples to provide the most accessible and up-to-date introduction to surveillance available. The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments ...Introduction: Surveillance Studies as a Transdisciplinary Endeavor. In Surveillance Studies: A Reader, edited by T. Monahan and D. Murakami Wood. New York: Oxford University Press, xix-xxxiv. 16 Pages Posted: 18 May 2021. See all articles by Torin Monahan Torin Monahan. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.In today’s fast-paced world, the need for effective surveillance systems has become increasingly important. Whether it’s monitoring your home, office, or any other premises, having a reliable security system in place is crucial.The pervasiveness of surveillance and the idea that it is constantly expanding are at the heart of the surveillance studies discipline and are realized in key concepts such as surveillance creep ...Surveillance cameras Surveillance Camera to support the Washington DC Police. Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, many activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), or interception of electronically ...The first sustained account of the representation of surveillance in eutopian and dystopian literature and film. Charts surveillance's historical development and creative responses to that development. Provides a detailed critical account of the ways that surveillance studies has utilised utopias to formulate its ideas.As surveillance technologies are increasingly adopted and integrated by law enforcement agencies today, racial disparities are being made invisible by a media environment that has failed to tell the story of surveillance in the context of structural racism. Reporters love to tell the technology story. For some, it's a sexier read.Evaluating Surveillance Systems . Describe Surveillance System: Step 2 . 2. Purpose and operation a) Purpose and objectives of system b) Planned uses of data from system c) Healthelated event under surveillance, including-r case definition d) Legal authority for data collection e) The organization(s) where system residesThe rate of AEFI in the present study (209 per 100,000 doses) was significantly higher than the rate reported to the State Institute for Drug Control (34 per100,000 doses), reflecting the difference between active surveillance used in our study and passive surveillance relying on reports to the national authority.Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infectious diseases globally. Community surveillance may provide a more comprehensive picture of disease burden than medically attended illness alone. Methods: In this longitudinal study conducted from 2012 to 2017 in the Washington Heights/Inwood area of New York City, we enrolled 405 households with 1915 individuals.David Lyon, Surveillance Studies: An Overview, Polity: Cambridge, 2007; 256 pp.: ISBN 9780745635910, £55.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780745635927, £14.99 (pbk) Rabindra Kumar Mohanty View all authors and affiliationsThe likelihood that a study will yield statistically significant results depends on the chosen sample size. Surveillance and diagnostic situations that require sample size calculations include certification of disease freedom, estimation of diagnostic accuracy, comparison of diagnostic accuracy, and determining equivalency of test accuracy.Indeed, several sero-surveillance studies have highlighted the fact that a significant proportion of previously infected people are pauci- or completely asymptomatic and therefore likely missed by clinically motivated testing [1, 2]. These data illustrate the importance of using testing strategies that include minimally and asymptomatic cases ...Surveillance studies has also developed some normalised and ritualistic aspects to its theorising which are in equal parts predictable and limiting. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the demarcation between surveillance and privacy. The typical way in which privacy and surveillance are counterpoised to one another represents what Beck (2000 ...The summary report contains findings from systems within community, primary, secondary and mortality surveillance. It also includes an international update. As of 8 October 2020, a combined ...Introduction: This study is aimed at gaining more insight into the effects of camera-surveillance on behavior. It investigates the effects of three different ways of "framing" camera presence on cheating behavior and pro-social behavior. First, we explore the effect of presenting the camera as the medium through which an intimidating authority watches the participant.Some studies in this field focus on different privacy issues, by, for example proposing solutions to data security threats, while other studies focus on the benefits of using surveillance devices. Family members as well as residents emphasize that privacy invasion is an important issue [ 11 ].ORAL Surveillance was a randomized, open-label, noninferiority, phase 3b-4 safety end-point trial. ... a meta-analysis of observational studies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020;50: 930-937. Crossref ...Databases. The FDA has the authority to require device manufacturers to perform postmarket surveillance under Section 522 of the Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (FD&C) Act, when questions are identified for devices that meet the statutory criteria. This database contains information about 522 Postmarket Surveillance Studies that have been required. To develop an effective disease surveillance system ready to assess epidemic waves and able to implement policies to tackle them, both have to work in unison. Many research teams have diverted ...For surveillance studies, those practices entailed workshops beginning in the early 1990s and continuing with greater frequency in the 2000s; the formation of the international Surveillance Studies Network (SSN)1 in 2006; and the hosting of international conferences every two years, starting in 2004. The artifacts include numerous edited ...Surveillance & Society is published by Surveillance Studies Network. It's publishing house is located in United Kingdom. Coverage history of this journal is as following: 2002-2022. The organization or individual who handles the printing and distribution of printed or digital publications is known as Publisher.23 февр. 2014 г. ... ... surveillance studies. The Handbooks direct, authoritative style will appeal to a wide range of scholars and students in the social sciences ...Sep 15, 2008 · Traditionally, surveillance studies have been large national and global studies performed on an ongoing basis to monitor the rates of bacterial infections and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Although perhaps less recognized as such, local surveillance studies also are a large part of efforts to assess patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Outbreaks of disease in settings affected by crises grow rapidly due to late detection and weakened public health systems. Where surveillance is underfunctioning, community-based surveillance can contribute to rapid outbreak detection and response, a core capacity of the International Health Regulations. We reviewed articles describing the potential for community …Sep 15, 2008 · Traditionally, surveillance studies have been large national and global studies performed on an ongoing basis to monitor the rates of bacterial infections and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Although perhaps less recognized as such, local surveillance studies also are a large part of efforts to assess patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Postmarketing surveillance covers the range of observational studies undertaken after marketing including cohort studies, case-control studies, and spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions. These observational studies are less rigorous than clinical trials, but have the potential to provide information from a representative ...Aug 3, 2021 · This systematic review considers the utility of school attendance registers in the surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks and occurrences amongst children. We searched eight databases using key words related to school absence, infectious disease and syndromic surveillance. Studies were limited to those published after 1st January 1995. The Routledge Handbook of Surveillance Studies is an international, accessible, definitive and comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies. The Handbook's direct, authoritative style will appeal to a wide range of scholars and students in the social sciences, arts and humanities.As Lyon notes, surveillance studies resonate with studies influenced by the concept of governmentality and my own view is there may be a bit more future work required to show why the former cannot be subsumed within the latters broader umbrella. For example, it is true that some scholars in the sociology of governance are already engaged in ...Surveillance studies is new. That is to say, until very recently something called surveillance studies did not exist. People studied surveillance, but in isolated, piecemeal and unsystematic ways. Over the past 20 years or so, surveillance has become an increasingly important topic within both academic and public debate. Interest in surveillance studies has mushroomed, generating…It then looks at the development of surveillance studies in the light of Michel Foucault and the challenges posed by new techniques of surveillance which allow unprecedented collection and retention of information. The bulk of this article focuses on considering the ethical challenges posed by surveillance. These include why surveillance is ...Within the postmodern conception of surveillance studies, there is the understanding that daily life surveillance "now goes far beyond criminal or workplace deviance" which sometimes leads to attempts to "gauge future-life chances" prior to or at birth (55). This can result in a sort of 'living dead' subject, whose future has ...In conclusion, the OUTSMART-RSV and international surveillance studies enable close monitoring of the molecular evolution of RSV. Characterizing antigenic changes in the RSV F and G proteins and ...Public Health Surveillance is defined as activities that allow a public health authority to identify, monitor, assess, or investigate potential public health signals, onsets of disease outbreaks, or conditions of public health importance that are conducted, supported, requested, ordered or required (by) and authorized by a Public Health Agency ... In previous studies, actual temperature readings from smart thermometers have been used to detect COVID-19 epicenters, 47 and forecast influenza 48 and influenza-like illnesses. 20 During the COVID-19 pandemic, various citizen-facing participatory surveillance systems were rapidly deployed and used by millions of people. 49-54 …We are pleased to announce the 2022-23 Surveillance Studies Network (SSN) Small Research Grant competition. The SSN Small Grants scheme provides funding to support …Post-marketing surveillance studies are defined in Article 1(15) of Directive 2001/83/EC as studies carried out after a medicine has been authorised to obtain further information on a medicine's safety or to measure the effectiveness of risk-management measures. In this article we look at post-marketing surveillance studies and the link with Risk Minimisation Plans (RMP's) There is growing ...Aliquots of all study serum will also be stored and shipped to CDC and NIH for further analysis. In addition to serology, surveillance activities will be aligned with the current Research on the Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Emergency Response & Healthcare Personnel (RECOVER) study, and other ongoing CDC surveillance projects.We are pleased to announce the 2022-23 Surveillance Studies Network (SSN) Small Research Grant competition. The SSN Small Grants scheme provides funding to support …Surveillance & Society is an open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on surveillance.It was established in 2002 by David Murakami Wood (Queen's University at Kingston), Kirstie S. Ball (University of St. Andrews), Clive Norris (University of Sheffield), David Lyon (Queen's University at Kingston), and Stephen Graham (Newcastle University), and is published by the ...Within the postmodern conception of surveillance studies, there is the understanding that daily life surveillance "now goes far beyond criminal or workplace deviance" which sometimes leads to attempts to "gauge future-life chances" prior to or at birth (55). This can result in a sort of 'living dead' subject, whose future has ...Apr 5, 2022 · The primary funding of the Surveillance Studies Centre (SSC) is from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). We are currently working on a five-year Big Data Surveillance (BDS) project funded by a SSHRC Partnership Grant. 13.1 Introduction. This chapter focuses on phase IV trials, which are studies designed in the post-marketing scenario to certify approved medications in the real-world population [ 1, 2 ]. Phase IV refers to large studies, interventional or non-interventional, that are often used to assess serious adverse effects in a sizeable population, but ...The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments in closed-circuit TV, radio frequency identification and biometrics to global trends that integrate surveillance systems internationally. Surveillance is understood in its ambiguity, from caring to controlling, and the ...This new legislation has refined and expanded the need of manufacturers to have a postmarket surveillance (PMS) system. According to this legislation, a postmarket clinical follow-up (PMCF) plan is also required. Manufacturers of high-risk medical devices are obliged to conduct both PMCF and PMS studies.Kodiak will develop, test and deploy autonomous software that can navigate complex, off-road terrain, diverse operational conditions and GPS-challenged environments. Autonomous trucking technology company Kodiak Robotics won a $49.9 million...Surveillance studies. is a dynamic, transdisciplinary field focused on all aspects of surveillance in society. It includes scholars working from many different disciplinary backgrounds, including sociology, criminology, geography, communication, cultural studies, legal studies, political science, science and technology studies, and more.Serological surveillance studies monitor the virus and its reservoirs to aid in vaccine choice and treatment. To test whether the pseudotyped IBV could be used to test non-human sera, we obtained seal sera from an influenza surveillance study conducted by the University of Vienna.Jul 1, 2008 · PDF | On Jul 1, 2008, Lippert Randy published David Lyon, Surveillance Studies: An Overview | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Center for Surveillance Studies Research Services Aarhus N, Middle Jutland 66 followers CENSUS is a center for research and teaching in surveillance technologies and practices.This article provides a brief overview of the history of surveillance ethics, beginning with Jeremy Bentham and George Orwell. It then looks at the development of surveillance studies in the light of Michel Foucault and the challenges posed by new techniques of surveillance which allow unprecedented collection and retention of information. Surveillance studies has also developed some normalised and ritualistic aspects to its theorising which are in equal parts predictable and limiting. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the demarcation between surveillance and privacy. The typical way in which privacy and surveillance are counterpoised to one another represents what Beck (2000 ...David Lyon, a leading surveillance studies scholar, has defined surveillance as "any collection and processing of personal data, whether identifiable or not, for the purposes of influencing or managing those whose data have been garnered" (Lyon, 2001, p. 2).Such personal data can be gathered visually (e.g., via closed-circuit television or CCTV) and via audio recording (e.g., over the ...However, the great virtue of Zygmunt Bauman’s work for surveillance studies is that he engages several tasks: he contextualizes what might be called liquid surveillance within the major ...Objectives To analyse and present the occurrence and severity of spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports prospectively registered at an ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in Central India. Setting and data The survey was conducted between 2013 and 2019 at an ADR Monitoring Centre in Central India. ADRs were recorded using the standard 'Suspected ADR Reporting form'. Outcome measures The ...Though sex, gender, and sexuality have been subject to ongoing forms of state scrutiny and, therefore, concern surveillance studies scholars—one can think of McCarthy and the policing of homosexuality and the current forms of homophobia and cisgenderism structuring bathroom, sport, and “Don’t Say Gay” laws in the US—there is a glaring lack of attention paid …A postmarket surveillance report (PMSR) is a summary of the results and conclusions drawn from the data generated as part of the PMS plan. As part of a device's technical documentation, it primarily serves as proof of your compliance with MDR's requirements for postmarket surveillance.High-quality population-based surveillance studies such as the COVID-19 Infection Survey and Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission Study primarily serve the purpose of generating timely and accurate estimates of the COVID-19 infection and transmission rates. However, describing the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic is a different objective from understanding its multidimensional ...Studying children helps in learning more about them. It helps in understanding how to interact with kids. Studying children enhances understanding of people because everyone was once a kid, and helps in appreciating development throughout l...Surveillance in Europe is an accessible, definitive and comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies in Europe. Written by experts in the field, including leading scholars, the Companion's clear and up to date style will appeal to a wide range of scholars and students in the social sciences, arts and humanities.This book makes the case for ...cfp: SSN 2022, Rotterdam. The 9th biennial Surveillance & Society conference of the Surveillance Studies Network, hosted by Erasmus University Rotterdam on June 1-3 2022 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.Debates in surveillance studies have largely existed between two competing visual metaphors, each reliant on an associated technological apparatus. The panopticon, …Surveillance studies has grown rapidly over four decades from some isolated rese arch texts to a global reach in many languages of . academic, policy-related, activist, and artistic activity.See Saulnier (2017) for a review of surveillance studies work on the sur veilled subject. 5. The US C DC suggests that people can protect themselves from COVID-19 by practicing hand hygiene and ...The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments in closed-circuit TV, radio frequency identification and biometrics to global trends that integrate surveillance systems internationally. Surveillance is understood in its ambiguity, from caring to controlling, and the ...Description of methods used for school-based surveillance. The three most common forms of absence data were all-cause absenteeism, [39,40,41,42] illness absenteeism, [21, 43,44,45,46,47,48] and syndrome-specific absenteeism, which in these studies corresponded to influenza-like-illness (ILI) absences [42, 49, 50].One paper reported medical absences, which combined both illness and planned ...The objective of this paper is to demonstrate – albeit in a modest way – the conditions that have hampered the development of surveillance studies in Latin America. To do this, first of all, the paper reflects from a theoretical perspective on the processes through which the traditions of social science research are produced, with the aim ...Surveillance is an important enough phenomenon in contemporary society to have triggered the development of a separate area of research: surveillance studies. This area brings together perspectives and findings from various disciplines, including sociology, political science, geography, computing and information science, law, and social psychology.Serological surveillance studies monitor the virus and its reservoirs to aid in vaccine choice and treatment. To test whether the pseudotyped IBV could be used to test non-human sera, we obtained seal sera from an influenza surveillance study conducted by the University of Vienna.Active Surveillance. This study method involves actively collecting data from a simulated or real-world environment. It can include regulatory complaints, patient feedback, interviews, and surveys to gain a more accurate view of the device’s actual performance. One example of active surveillance is the EU-MDR Post-Market Clinical Follow-up ... Cystometric study measures the amount of fluid in the bladder when you first feel the need to urinate, when you are able to sense fullness, and when your bladder is completely full. Cystometric study measures the amount of fluid in the blad...Postmarketing surveillance covers the range of observational studies undertaken after marketing including cohort studies, case-control studies, and spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions. These observational studies are less rigorous than clinical trials, but have the potential to provide information from a representative ...

Calculation of sample size is important for the design of epidemiologic studies, 18,62 and specifically for surveillance 9 and diagnostic test evaluations. 6,22,32 The probability that a completed study will yield statistically significant results depends on the choice of sample size assumptions and the statistical model used to make calculations. The statistical methodology of employed sample .... Weather august 26

surveillance studies

This article provides a brief overview of the history of surveillance ethics, beginning with Jeremy Bentham and George Orwell. It then looks at the development of surveillance studies in the light of Michel Foucault and the challenges posed by new techniques of surveillance which allow unprecedented collection and retention of information. Study design. This is a hybrid cohort-modelled cross-sectional multi-centre surveillance study to be conducted over a period of four years. Two cross-sectional surveys conducted three years apart on standalone representative samples of each of the three city-wide populations, using objective measures will permit estimation of the prevalence and trends of CMDs and their risk factors.We are pleased to announce the 2022-23 Surveillance Studies Network (SSN) Small Research Grant competition. The SSN Small Grants scheme provides funding to support …Surveillance is the cornerstone of public health practice, including in occupational safety and health (OSH). OSH surveillance systems have the ability to generate data that drives decision making and action. 1, 2 There are multiple steps in a surveillance system including timely and accurate data collection; data quality monitoring; data management; data analysis; interpretation of results ...1. Surveillance Society: summary, history, definitions 1.1. We live in a surveillance society. It is pointless to talk about surveillance society in the future tense. In all the rich countries of the world everyday life is suffused with surveillance encounters, not merely from dawn to dusk but 24/7. SomeRandomly sampled study cohorts and/or surveillance sites from a large target population is a common approach. Studies using lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) have been shown to be useful in informing whether or not resistance of a pathogen to specific antibiotics is high, which is essential to inform the appropriateness of using …Postmarketing surveillance covers the range of observational studies undertaken after marketing including cohort studies, case-control studies, and spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions. These observational studies are less rigorous than clinical trials, but have the potential to provide information from a representative ... COVID-19 surveillance testing is performed by collecting specimens from multiple individuals and then batching those specimens together to create a "pool.". Therefore, testing the pool requires only one test on a group of samples, rather than testing each individual sample. If the test comes back negative, the whole group is negative and ...Databases. The FDA has the authority to require device manufacturers to perform postmarket surveillance under Section 522 of the Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (FD&C) Act, when questions are identified for devices that meet the statutory criteria. This database contains information about 522 Postmarket Surveillance Studies that have been required.2021 YRBS Results Now Available. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) is a set of surveys that track behaviors that can lead to poor health in students grades 9 through 12. Learn more about YRBSS.Surveillance. Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data in order to detect, control, and prevent health problems. ... Provides access to the public-use repository of data from occupational and environmental health studies of workers at DOE facilities and nearby community residents. Data Sets ...Randomly sampled study cohorts and/or surveillance sites from a large target population is a common approach. Studies using lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) have been shown to be useful in informing whether or not resistance of a pathogen to specific antibiotics is high, which is essential to inform the appropriateness of using those ...This has triggered the emergence of a scholarly discipline called surveillance studies, a multidisciplinary field covering both theoretical and empirical accounts of past, current and near-future surveillance in society. However, since surveillance is used as an umbrella term that covers a broad range of sub-topics discussed in other domains as ...Surveillance itself is neutral, depending on “context and comportment”, “structures and processes” (Marx 2015, 733, 737). But technological, business, and policy changes have accelerated information flow – leading to more concerns about surveillance and privacy. Naturally, many focus on technology as the main disruption reshaping the ...Toronto Surveillance studies not only constitutes an important Lyon D 2002 Surveillance studies: understanding visibility, entry point to critically engage with surveillance in general, mobility and the phonetic fix Surveillance & Society 1 it also provides a major step towards the institutionalisation 1–7 of surveillance studies as a cross ... 8 янв. 2019 г. ... Dr Manuel Vogt describes our MSc Security Studies programme, and what you can expect when taking the course.In this overview, David Lyon, one of the pioneers of surveillance studies, fuses with aplomb classical debates and contemporary examples to provide the most accessible and up-to-date introduction to surveillance available. The book takes in surveillance studies in all its breadth, from local face-to-face oversight through technical developments ....

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